THE ALUM WITH AUSTRALIAN PORCELANITE ROCKS EFFECT ON TREATING AND REMOVAL OF PHOSPHORUS FROM DAIRY WASTEWATER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.5.7Keywords:
Dairy wastewater, gradient velocity, Porcelainite, phosphorus, AlumAbstract
The dairy industry is a vital food industry in the world. The dairy industry discharges large quantities of wastewater. In this article, it has been used jar test model JLT 6 Leaching test VELP Scientific, with all apparatuses and tools that can complete work. Alum, as well as Porcelanite Rocks from the North Territory area in Australia, were used as a treatment material for the removal of phosphorus. Results showed the effectiveness of phosphorous removal using alum improves when using these rocks because they contain different concentrations of positive ions in general and aluminium ions in particular. The optimum value of Al3+ is 0.5 mg/L. The percent of removal of phosphorus will reach 95.7% ̴ 96% by 1.45 mg/L of the aluminium ion. The use of Porcelanite Rocks alone. cannot lead to clear removal of phosphorous or pollutants, rather it is used as an aid. The results also showed that Porcelanite rocks play a prominent role in preparing the therapeutic conditions for alum in terms of regulating the pH for better treatment, as they raise the pH at a time when the sulphates are reduced. With 20 mg/L of Porcelanite rocks, it has been completed the best removal of phosphorus at 20 ºC. Using alum with Porcelanite rocks as assistance in treatment will improve treatment by 30-40%. This process will drop residual aluminium concentration by about 10% from the total and then exclude health effects due to aluminium ions.
References
Floros, J. D., et al. (2010). "Feeding the world today and tomorrow: the importance of food science and technology: an IFT scientific review." Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 9(5): 572-599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00127.x
Popkin, B. M., et al. (2012). "Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries." Nutrition reviews 70(1): 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x
Douphrate, D. I., et al. (2013). "The dairy industry: a brief description of production practices, trends, and farm characteristics around the world." Journal of agromedicine 18(3): 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2013.796901
Britz, T. J., et al. (2006). "Treatment of dairy processing wastewaters." Waste treatment in the food processing industry: 1-28
Al Jawaheri, R. (2011). The use of constructed wetlands in the treatment of dairy processing wastewater.
Haimi, H., et al. (2013). "Data-derived soft-sensors for biological wastewater treatment plants: An overview." Environmental Modelling & Software 47: 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.05.009
Pal, P. and R. Kumar (2020). "Recent advances in biological treatment processes for wastewater and water treatment." Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: 41-66. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202100225
Chernicharo, C. d. (2006). "Post-treatment options for the anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 5(1): 73-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11157-005-5683-5
Chan, Y. J., et al. (2009). "A review on anaerobic–aerobic treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater." Chemical Engineering Journal 155(1-2): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.06.041
Carrère, H., et al. (2010). "Pretreatment methods to improve sludge anaerobic degradability: a review." Journal of hazardous materials 183(1-3): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.129.
Chowdhary, P., et al. (2017). Distillery wastewater: a major source of environmental pollution and its biological treatment for environmental safety. Green technologies and environmental sustainability, Springer: 409-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1390-9
Pellegrin, M. L., et al. (2010). "Membrane processes." Water Environment Research 82(10): 1159-1234.
Dadan-Garba, A. (2014). Investigation of Anthropogenic Water Contamination and the Design of a Multi-Stage Filtration System for Point of Use Application, University of Surrey, United Kingdom.
Akinwande, O. A. (2018). Color Removal from Combined Dye and Fruit Nectar Wastewater Using Adsorption and Microfiltration, Cleveland State University.
Williams, P. T. (2005). Waste treatment and disposal, John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470012668
Ngoc, U. N. and H. Schnitzer (2009). "Sustainable solutions for solid waste management in Southeast Asian countries." Waste management 29(6): 1982-1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.08.031
Mara, D. (2013). Domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries, Routledge.
Al-Juboori, R. A. and T. Yusaf (2012). "Biofouling in RO system: mechanisms, monitoring and controlling." Desalination 302: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.06.016
Lahnsteiner, J., et al. (2018). "Direct potable reuse–a feasible water management option." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 8(1): 14-28. https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2017.172
Kavitha, J., et al. (2019). "Pretreatment processes for seawater reverse osmosis desalination systems-A review." Journal of Water Process Engineering 32: 100926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.100926
Pellegrin, M. L., et al. (2010). "Membrane processes." Water Environment Research 82(10): 1159-1234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.01.009
Saphira, M. R., et al. (2018). "Principles and Mechanism of Adsorption for the Effective Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Water Reuse." Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment: Theory and Applications: 1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6603348
Cattaneo, M. (2019). "Livestock manure treatment for nutrients removal: consolidated techniques, emerging problems and new approaches.". http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2008.016.
G. H. McNally, G. C. B. W. W. (Nov. 2010). "Porcellanite and the urban geology of Darwin, Northern Territory." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00764.x
McNally, G. H. (December 2001). "Geology and mining practice in relation to shallow subsidence in the Northern Coalfield, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47(1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00761.x
Dadd, D. L. (2011). Toxic Free: How to Protect Your Health and Home from the Chemicals ThatAre Making You Sick, Penguin.
Lam, Y.-L., et al. (2012). "Developments in functional finishing of cotton fibres–wrinkle-resistant, flame-retardant and antimicrobial treatments." Textile Progress 44(3-4): 175-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.04.004
Ebnesajjad, S. and A. H. Landrock (2014). Adhesives technology handbook, William Andrew.
McKeen, L. W. (2015). Fluorinated coatings and finishes handbook: The definitive user's guide, William Andrew. eBook ISBN: 9780323374675
Sun, Q., et al. (2020). "Assessment on thermal hazards of reactive chemicals in industry: state of the art and perspectives." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 78: 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2020.100832
Edgar, K. J., et al. (2001). "Advances in cellulose ester performance and application." Progress in polymer science 26(9): 1605-1688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00027-2
Moore, P. L. (2009). "Dynamics of ice flow and sediment transport at a polythermal glacier terminus: Storglaciaren, Sweden.". Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346
Govorushko, S. (2013). "Environmental problems of extraction, transportation, and use of fossil fuels." Fossil fuels: sources, environmental concerns and waste management practices: 1-84.
Govorushko, S. (2013). "Environmental problems of extraction, transportation, and use of fossil fuels." Fossil fuels: sources, environmental concerns and waste management practices: 1-84. SBN: 978-1-62808-412-2
Beiyuan, J. (2017). "Integrated remediation of metal-contaminated soils: biodegradable chelant-enhanced extraction and in-situ stabilization."
Crittenden, J. C., et al. (2012). MWH's water treatment: principles and design, John Wiley & Sons.
Kuokkanen, V. and T. Kuokkanen (2013). "Recent applications of electrocoagulation in treatment of water and wastewater—a review.". https://doi.org/10.4236/gsc.2013.32013
Sahu, O., et al. (2014). "Treatment of wastewater by electrocoagulation: a review." Environmental science and pollution research 21(4): 2397-2413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2208-6
Millar, G. J., et al. (2016). "Strategies for the management and treatment of coal seam gas associated water." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 57: 669-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.087
Bhateria, R. and D. Jain (2016). "Water quality assessment of lake water: a review." Sustainable Water Resources Management 2(2): 161-173. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2010.29093
Piedrahita, R. H. (2003). "Reducing the potential environmental impact of tank aquaculture effluents through intensification and recirculation." Aquaculture 226(1-4): 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00465-4
Udaiyappan, A. F. M., et al. (2017). "A review of the potentials, challenges and current status of microalgae biomass applications in industrial wastewater treatment." Journal of Water Process Engineering 20: 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2017.09.006
APHA, AWWA, WEF, "standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater", 16, 1985. https://doi.org/10.2105/SMWW.2882.002
Letterman, R. D., et. al., "Influence of Rapid Mix Parameters on Flocculation", Journal of AWWA, Vol. 65, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1973.tb01933.x
Eckenfelder, W., and Wesley, Jr., "Industrial Water Pollution Control", McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 2000. ISBN: 9780071548663
Shames, N.K. (2005). “Coagulation and Flocculation," In: Physicochemical Treatment Processes (vol. 3). “Handbook of environmental engineering (Eds. L.K. Wang, Y.-T. Hung, N.K. Shames). Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, USA. https://doi.org/10.1385/159259820x
Amirtharajah, A. and K. M. Mills (1982). "Rapid‐mix design for mechanisms of alum coagulation." Journal‐American Water Works Association 74(4): 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1982.tb04890.x
Tay, J.-H., et al. (2006). "Seafood processing wastewater treatment." Waste treatment in the food processing industry: 29-66. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/91879
Okioga, T. T. I. (2007). Water quality and business aspects of sachet-vended water in Tamale, Ghana, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
AKERS, R. J. (2017). "Filtration pretreatment." Filtration: Principles and Practices, Revised and Expanded: 251.
Razzak, S. A., et al. (2013). "Integrated CO2 capture, wastewater treatment and biofuel production by microalgae culturing—a review." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 27: 622-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.063
Luo, C. (1998). "Distribution of velocities and velocity gradients in mixing and flocculation vessels: Comparison between LDV data and CFD predictions." UMI Number: 9730390
Black, A., et al. (1957). "Review of the jar test." Journal (American Water Works Association) 49(11): 1414-1424.
Puckhaber, D., et al. (2020). "Impact of Particle and Equipment Properties on Residence Time Distribution of Pharmaceutical Excipients in Rotary Tablet Presses." Pharmaceutics 12(3): 283. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41254753
Downloads
Key Dates
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ali A. Hasan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
