Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development

THE IMPACT OF MODERNITY ON TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS IN BAGHDAD

Shahbaa Ahmed Ali, M. Tayfun Yildirim — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This research traces the study of the development of traditional housing in Baghdad in terms of the internal changes of housing and the impact of modernity on them in AL Adhamiya area in the city of Baghdad. where 6 houses from this area are selected as a non-comprehensive intentional sample to be studied, analyzed and compared to the rest of the pattern of the Modern residential period, based on detailed plans, pictures and illustrations. The main objective of this paper is to identify the process of transformation in the type, spatial and visual style of the houses through the application of comparative evaluation of different periods and to indicate the impact of modernity on the disruption or improvement of the houses in Baghdad in order to study the continuity of these patterns or ruptures among them. The conclusions are drawn to emphasize contemporary challenges.

DESIGN OF A DUAL-BAND REJECTION PLANAR ULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB) ANTENNA

Sahar K. Hassan, Adheed H. Sallomi, Musa H. Wali — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

A novel Slotted-Decagon-Shaped (SDS) antenna is presented for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. This antenna has two slots; the first one is printed on the lower side, and the second on the upper side of the conducting patch. The feeding technique used to feed this antenna is a 50Ω strip line. Return losses, bandwidth, radiation pattern, and, gain of the presented SDS antenna are tested. These characteristics denote it fitting for UWB wireless communication systems. The SDS antenna was fabricated and tested at the laboratories of the Iraqi-ministry of science and technology and the result shows a fine agreement between simulation and measured S₁₁. The SDS antenna has a compact size of 19.3mm×36mm×1.6mm. Measured results show that the SDS antenna has favorable properties of S₁₁ less than −10 dB and a quasi-stable gain of 2 to 4.5 dB over UWB, with the exception of the notched WiMAX (3.3-3.7 GHz) & WLAN (5.1-5.8 GHz) bands.

MICROBIAL-INDUCED CALCITE PRECIPITATION" AS A POTENTIAL SUSTAINABLE TECHNIQUE FOR POLLUTED SOIL BIOREMEDIATION: A REVIEW

Zahraa Samer Hadi, Khitam Abdulhussein Saeed — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Industrialization and population growth have increased the emission and buildup of environmental heavy metals. These components' bioaccumulation as exposure have been related to a range of illnesses and cancer, and the mechanical and physical properties of soil are altered. The "Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation" is an environmentally green, friend, and sustainable method. This review focused on the metal remediation technology's effects and how to make them sustainable and more environmentally friendly. Many bacteria produce urease, the bacillus is a more common type. Bacteria, with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 3.0µm, are the most common microbes found in soils. It is critical to examine the type of soil, Bacterial size, and size of pore throat. The calcium carbonate majority tends to coat the surface of soils with coarse particles in the state of the contact points in soils with particles smaller than bacterial size (heterogeneous and limited precipitation). The bacterial concentration appears to affect crystal shape, calcium carbonate formation, and the cementation effect of geomaterials. Calcite precipitation takes place most when the pH is between 7.5 and 9.5. Calcite is formed three times at 50°C, while the unconfined compressive strength is only 60% of that at 25°C. Calcium carbonate can be immobilized or formed into undissolved compounds by binding free ions to the calcium carbonate's surfaces, resulting in a form of non-toxic and chemically stable.

DESIGN OF MIMO ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS

Rasha Basil Nassir, Ali Khalid Jassim — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The development of a new compact Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna. The main advantages of the proposed array configuration are that it requires no isolation/decoupling circuit between the elements of the MIMO array. The suggested antenna has an impedance bandwidth of (3.1_10.6) GHz. The antenna dimension is (25×58×1.6) mm³. It is based on a simple patch antenna configuration with a simple hexagonal radiator and partial ground. The partial ground is used to improve the reflection coefficient and isolation. A 16.54mm x 9mm ground plane is used. Each element was fed through a 50Ω microstrip transmission line (MTL). The suggested antenna is polarized linearly. It performs admirably at 10.46 GHz, with a gain of 1.77dB, a reflection coefficient of 28.42dB, VSWR approx 1, an envelope correlation coefficient very close to 0 dB, a diversity gain of 10dB, and isolation of 50.44dB, respectively, and suggested antenna's diversity characteristics, such as ECC and diversity gain, are also modeled.

EFFECT OF METAL WIRE MESH ON TENSILE, COMPRESSION AND WATER ABSORPTION FOR BLEND POLYMER

Akram Q. Moften, Ismail I. Marhoon, Yasir K. Ibrahim — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This work aims to enhance the polymeric composite properties by adding Iron wire mesh (Fe) and aluminum wire mesh (Al) as reinforcement materials with various ratios. A polymer blend of the [epoxy (EP)+ polyester (UPS)] as matrix material has been utilized. The hand layup approach has been utilized for manufacturing castings. Epoxy and polyester have been mixed with different volume ratios, involving (95:5,90:10, 85:15,80:20, and 75:25 Vol.%) of (epoxy: polyester). The blend was reinforced with metal mesh with volume fractions (5,10,15, and 20%). The results show the best ratios of ultimate tensile strength are (95% epoxy + 5% unsaturated polyester), and tensile strength and young modulus increase with increased volume fraction of metal mesh. The best compressive strength (CS) value was obtained for a sample of (95% epoxy +5% unsaturated polyester). The compressive strength increased with the increased volume fraction of iron mesh but reduced with the used aluminum wire mesh. Also, water absorption increased with increased unsaturated polyester, iron mesh, and aluminum mesh percentage.

THE EFFECT OF SIFCON ON TORSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Zahraa Mohammed khalifah, Mohammed Mohammed Rasheed — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In recent years, research into the effects of torsion in concrete members and the impact of novel materials on torsional behavior has increased. Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete (SIFCON) is a special kind of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC). The purpose of this research is to study the influence of SIFCON on the torsion behavior of reinforced concrete beams. In the experimental program, five beam specimens are cast and tested under pure torsion. Two of them were from normal concrete as a reference, two from SIFCON with a steel fiber volume of 10% and the last beam was normal concrete strengthening by SIFCON with a steel fiber volume of 10%. The results have indicated enhancement in an ultimate torsional moment of SIFCON beams when compared with the reference, normal concrete beam. In addition, by reducing the twist angle and increasing torsional stiffness, the resistance moment of torsion was improved.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR WITH NON-UNIFORM STATOR SLOTS BASED ON MAGNET SOFTWARE AND AUTOCAD

Marwa A. Dawood, Amer M. Ali — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The current study uses the finite element technique to investigate a single-phase induction motor with non-uniform stator slots. A 0.5 hp, four poles, 36 stator slots, and 48 rotor slots have non-uniform stator slots were analyzed based on magnet Finite Element Method software with using AutoCAD in modeling stator due to its unsymmetrical slots, The suggested study attempts to evaluate all motor design modifications. The values of currents and torque received from the FEM analysis for the test motor were compared with motor nameplate data with a good agreement.

EFFECT OF THE GAIT SPEED ON A NEW PROSTHETIC SHANK BELOW KNEE

Zainab H. Zaier, Kadhim K. Resan — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

One of the most important problems that the components of the prosthetic limbs suffer from; is the increase in walking speed leads to an increase in the ground reaction force. In this research, a new shank was designed and manufactured using the porous functionally graded materials by a 3D printer of PLA material, and to ensure the success of this shank, several tests were conducted on it, including to know the mechanical properties, as well as the life test by a special device that was manufactured. A test was conducted to know the life of the shank when normal walking (about 1.35 m/sec) and running ( about 6 m / sec ), and it was found that this shank was successful and did not fail in that test, the prosthetic foot ( type SACH) failed before it at normal speed and high speed.

EXTRACTION OF DOUBLE-DIODE PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE MODEL’S PARAMETERS USING HYBRID OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM

Mawj M. Abbas, Dhiaa H. Muhsen — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This paper presents seven parameters of double diode model of the photovoltaic module under different weather conditions are extracted using differential development with an integrated mutation per iteration (DEIM) algorithm. The algorithm is produced by integrating of two other algorithms namely, electromagnetism like (EML) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. DEIM enhances the mutation step of the original DE by using the attraction-repulsion principle found in the EML algorithm. Meanwhile, a novel strategy based on adjusting mutation and crossover rate factors for each iteration is adopted in this paper. The implemented scheme's success is confirmed by comparing its results with those obtained by techniques cited in the literature. Along with the results, the DEIM suggests high closeness with the experimental I–V characteristic. For the proposed algorithm the average Root Mean Square Error ( MSE), Absolute Error (AE ), Mean Bias Error ( MBE), and execution time values were 0.0608, 0.044, 0.0053, and 23.333, respectively. The comparisons and evaluation results proved that the DEIM is better in terms of precision and rapid convergence. Furthermore, fewer control parameters are needed in comparison to EML and DE algorithms.

THE BEHAVIOUR OF ALUMINIUM ION IN TREATMENT OF DAIRY WASTEWATER

Ali A. Hasan — Fri, 01 Jul 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, it has been prepared synthetic dairy samples according to the global dairy wastewater characteristics. Has been used the OGAWA SEIKI Ltd apparatus and applied on these samples to predict the behavior of the alum in the treatment process. Physiochemical analyses were achieved to samples before and after treatment to stand on the ability of success. These tests have been achieved according to The experimental tests of characteristics were done as stated by American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF). Results showed that behind the high removal, efficiency is many mechanical terms of coagulation, perhaps the most prominent of which is the scavenging mechanism. The effectiveness of the aluminum ion is at a certain limit, in limited pH, an increase in the concentration of this ion means an increase in the concentration of the positive charge and get the inverse effect. due to the wide capacity of aluminum ions to make bonds by combining with negative roots, it has been noticed the percentage removal of phosphorus reached up to 95%. These compounds create aluminum phosphorus flocs. The aluminum phosphorus compounds have gelatinous properties could make enmeshment and attract different particles and then settling in the bottom.