Effect of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Rate of Low-Carbon Steel Plates Welded by SMAW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.2553Keywords:
Corrosion Rate, Heat Treatment, Low Carbon Steel, , Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Vickers MicrohardnessAbstract
Corrosion is one of the main problems materials face, leading to degradation and loss of mechanical properties. Welding also deforms the heat-affected zone (HAZ), altering metal properties and requiring improved connections through heat treatment. Two plates from (DIN 17100 St 60-2) measuring 42×20×6 mm with a V-groove shape at a 74-degree angle were welded using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), exposure to the heat treatment process (annealing and tempering) with different holding times of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 hours subsequently, the samples were immersed in 5M HCL acidic and brine solutions. Vickers microhardness was assessed before and after immersion of the samples in the two solutions; the results were analyzed using SPSS. The results indicate that the heat treatment technique enhances hardness after corrosion has occurred. The most effective treatment for the acidic and brine solutions with the least decrease in hardness was 2-hour annealing, followed by oven cooling, resulting in corrosion rates of 1.249 for the acidic solution and 0.598 for the brine solution. Due to the importance of corrosion in the industry, this research aims to improve the corrosion resistance and hardness of welded low-carbon steel.
References
W. D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 5th ed. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2004. ISBN: 978-0471320135.
A. O. Araoyinbo, “Low Temperature Heat Treatment of Steel and the Effect of Quenching on the Strength and Oxidation Behaviour,” MMehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 32–32, Jan. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2301.04.
S. Syukran, A. Azwinur, and F. Ferdiyansyah, “The Effect of Holding Time on Stress Relief Annealing Process to Hardness of Carbon Steel SA.106 Grade B after Welding,” Sintek Jurnal: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 46–46, Jun. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.24853/sintek.14.1.46-51.
S. O. Okuma and K. C. Onyekwere, “Inhibitive effect of Irvingia gabonensis leaf extract on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid,” J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 25–29, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i1.4.
D. Atadious and I. K. Onwuamaeze, “Evaluation of the effect of corrosion rate of welded annealed low carbon steel in chloride environment,” Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 8–12, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342623976.
Y. O. Busari, I. I. Ahmed, and Y. L. Shuaib, “Effect of heat input on the mechanical and corrosion behaviour of SMAW mild steel,” J. Prod. Eng., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 59–64, 2017, doi:
S. A. Sulaiman et al., “Investigation of corrosion rate for different types of welding joints using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW),” in IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 834, 2019, Art. no. 012055, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/834/1/012055.
S. O. Okuma, P. O. Okenrentie, and G. C. Ihe, “Investigating the effect of Lasienthera africanum extract as mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 0.5 M HCl solution,” Niger. Res. J. Eng. Environ. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 19–26, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6720252.
S. O. Okuma and B. U. Oreko, “Assessment of Corrosion Resistance Potentials of Welded and Tempered UNS G10400 Carbon Steel in a Seawater Environment,” Chemistry Africa, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2767–2775, Mar. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-024-00922-5
H. S. Aljibori et al., “Exploring corrosion protection for mild steel in HCl solution: An experimental and theoretical analysis of an antipyrine derivative as an anticorrosion agent,” Carbon Neutralization, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 74–93, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cnl2.108.
U. S. Nwigwe, C. I. Nwoye, S. A. Ajah, G. Kalu-Uka, M. Yibowei, and K. D. Onuoha, “Corrosion Properties of Tempered Medium Carbon Steel in 1.0 M HCl and Homemade Vinegar,” Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 893–901, Aug. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.14.
A. Musa, “Corrosion Susceptibility and Microstructural Evolution of Austempered AISI 1030 Steel in Sea Water Environment,” Advances in Engineering Design Technology, vol. 4, no. 2, 2022, Available: https://journals.nipes.org/index.php/aedt/article/view/539. [Accessed: Oct. 28, 2024]
E. K. Orhorhoro, A. A. Erameh, and R. I. Tamuno, "Investigation of the effect of corrosion rate on post-welded heat treatment of medium carbon steel in seawater," Journal of Applied Research on Industrial Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 59–67, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.22105/jarie.2022.314704.1398.
J. G. Majeed, Y. K. Ibrahim, and G. A. Abd Al-Aziz, “Influence of heat treatment on corrosion of low carbon steel in sulfuric acid solutions,” European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 64–96, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.4.1137.
K. L. Hamid, N. M. Moustafa, and A. F. Noori, “Heat treatment effect on carbon steel corrosion resistance at different carbon content,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 231–237, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://jmerd.net/Paper/Vol.43,No.5(2020)/231-237.pdf.
P. Rachmawati and S. Ma’arif, “Comparison of Corrosion Rate on Mild Steel Welded Joints Using Acid and Alkaline Solutions,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2658, pp. 040004–040004, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0104935.
A. Y. Mohamed, A. H. A. Mohamed, Z. Abdel Hamid, A. I. Z. Farahat, and A. E. El-Nikhaily, “Effect of Heat Treatment Atmospheres on Microstructure Evolution and Corrosion Resistance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments,” Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Mar. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31803-5.
T. Lipiński, “Corrosion of the S235JR carbon steel after normalizing and overheating annealing in 2.5% sulfuric acid at room temperature,” Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 24, pp. 102–108, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902059-16.
A. Suprihanto and D. B. Wibowo, “The effect of post welding heat treatment (PWHT) on the corrosion rate of welded AISI 1020 steel in a marine environment of the northern area of Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia,” International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IRJIET), vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 581–584, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.47001/IRJIET/2023.711076.
N. M. Christopher, C. U. Bonaventure, and C. N. Kingsley, “Effect of welding parameters on the mechanical properties of arc-welded C1035 medium carbon steel,” International Journal of Research in Advanced Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 30–33, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337439634.
D. A. Skoog et al., Introduction to Analytical Chemistry. Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia, 2020. ISBN: 978-9814846172.
Downloads
Key Dates
Received
Revised
Accepted
Published Online First
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Haneen Alaa Abdel-hade, Awatif Mustafa Ali (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
