Z. Al-Macdici, Raghad. “FPGA Implementation of Parallel and Pipelined Turbo Encoder for Real -Time Applications”. Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 127–142. Accessed April 19, 2025. https://jeasd.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/jeasd/article/view/1564.