A FRACTAL MINKOWSKI DESIGN FOR MICROWAVE SENSING APPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.26.5.7Keywords:
microwave sensor, IDC, CSI, sensor, LDR, MinkowskiAbstract
This work describes a low-cost, extremely sensitive microwave sensor that may be used to distinguish between different liquid samples by measuring the variation in S21 magnitude. An interdigital capacitor (IDC) in series with a circular spiral inductor (CSI) and linked directly to a light dependent resistor (LDR) is used to do this and been installed minkowski farctal on end both stub. The suggested sensor operates at a frequency of 1.47 GHz. Using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio, the impacts of modifying the proposed LDR's value are evaluated parametrically. However, When the LDR value changes in relation to the light of incidence, a considerable change in the resonance band is observed. Many recent wireless technologies that use optical-based interface systems have found that such technology is an excellent candidate. The same model is developed for validation using a High-Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS). The suggested sensor is built on an FR4 substrate with a 40×60 mm2 surface area. As a ground plane, a copper layer is applied to the rear panel. The results obtained by the two software systems are in perfect agreement.
References
A. K. Horestani, J. Naqui, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux, and F. Martín, “Two-dimensional displacement and alignment sensor based on reflection coefficients of open microstrip lines loaded with split ring resonators,” Electron. Lett., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 620–622, 2014.
M. H. Zarifi, S. Farsinezhad, K. Shankar, and M. Daneshmand, “Liquid sensing using active feedback assisted planar microwave resonator,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Components Lett., vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 621–623, 2015.
S. M. Obaid, T. Elwi, and M. Ilyas, “Fractal Minkowski-shaped resonator for noninvasive biomedical measurements: Blood glucose test,” 2021.
M. S. Gulsu, F. Bagci, S. Can, A. E. Yilmaz, and B. Akaoglu, “Minkowski-like fractal resonator-based dielectric sensor for estimating the complex permittivity of binary mixtures of ethanol, methanol and water,” Sensors Actuators A Phys., vol. 330, p. 112841, 2021.
H. Sun, R. Li, G. Y. Tian, T. Tang, G. Du, and B. Wang, “Determination of complex permittivity of thin dielectric samples based on high-q microstrip resonance sensor,” Sensors Actuators A Phys., vol. 296, pp. 31–37, 2019.
E. E. C. Oliveira, P. H. da F. Silva, A. Campos, and A. G. d’Assunção, “Small‐size quasi‐fractal patch antenna using the Minkowski curve,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 805–809, 2010.
Y.-F. Lai, H.-Y. Wang, and R.-Y. Peng, “Establishment of injury models in studies of biological effects induced by microwave radiation,” Mil. Med. Res., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2021.
M. S. Gulsu, F. Bagci, S. Can, A. E. Yilmaz, and B. Akaoglu, “Minkowski-like fractal resonator-based dielectric sensor for estimating the complex permittivity of binary mixtures of ethanol, methanol and water,” Sensors Actuators A Phys., vol. 330, p. 112841, 2021.
A. Arif, A. Zubair, K. Riaz, M. Q. Mehmood, and M. Zubair, “A novel Cesaro fractal EBG-based sensing platform for dielectric characterization of liquids,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 2887–2895, 2020.
A. K. Horestani, J. Naqui, Z. Shaterian, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux, and F. Martín, “Two-dimensional alignment and displacement sensor based on movable broadside-coupled split ring resonators,” Sensors Actuators A Phys., vol. 210, pp. 18–24, 2014.
Abdulkarim, Y.I., Deng, L., Karaaslan, M., Dalgaç Ş., Mahmud, R. H., Ozkan, A. F., Muhammadsharif, F.F., Awl H.N., Huang S., Luo, H.(2020). “The Detection of Chemical Materials with a Metamaterial-Based Sensor Incorporating Oval Wing Resonators’’. Electronics.Vol.9,Iss.5,10.3390/electronics9050825.
Chuma, E. L., Iano, Y., Fontgalland, G., Roger, L. L. B. (2018). “Microwave sensor for liquid dielectric characterization based on metamaterial complementary split ring resonator’’, IEEE Sensors J., vol. 18, no. 24, pp. 9978–9983.
Zhang, X., Ruan, C., Haq, T. U., Chen, K. (2019). “High-sensitivity microwave sensor for liquid characterization using a complementary circular spiral resonator’’. Sensors. vol. 19, pp. 787.
I. Valova, D. Beaton, A. Buer, and D. MacLean, “Fractal initialization for high-quality mapping with self-organizing maps,” Neural Comput. Appl., vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 953–966, 2010.
K. Kaur and J. S. Sivia, “A compact hybrid multiband antenna for wireless applications,” Wirel. Pers. Commun., vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 5917–5927, 2017.
N. Sharma and S. S. Bhatia, “Split ring resonator based multiband hybrid fractal antennas for wireless applications,” AEU-International J. Electron. Commun., vol. 93, pp. 39–52, 2018.
A. A. Al-Behadili, I. A. Mocanu, T. M. Petrescu, and T. A. Elwi, “Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 23, p. 7865, 2021.
I. S. Bangi and J. S. Sivia, “Minkowski and Hilbert curves based hybrid fractal antenna for wireless applications,” AEU-International J. Electron. Commun., vol. 85, pp. 159–168, 2018.
C. H. Arns, M. A. Knackstedt, and K. Mecke, “3D structural analysis: sensitivity of Minkowski functionals,” J. Microsc., vol. 240, no. 3, pp. 181–196, 2010.
R. Rengasamy, D. Dhanasekaran, C. Chakraborty, and S. Ponnan, “Modified minkowski fractal multiband antenna with circular-shaped split-ring resonator for wireless applications,” Measurement, vol. 182, p. 109766, 2021.
A. Soffiatti, Y. Max, S. G Silva, and L. M de Mendonça, “Microwave metamaterial-based sensor for dielectric characterization of liquids,” Sensors, vol. 18, no. 5, p. 1513, 2018.
X. Zhang, C. Ruan, and K. Chen, “High-sensitivity microwave sensor for liquid characterization using a complementary circular spiral resonator,” Sensors, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 787, 2019.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Ali Ismael Anwer, Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Taha A. Elwi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
